【英文标准名称】:Aerospaceseries-Elementsofelectricalandopticalconnection;Testmethods-Part6414:Opticalelements;Unmatingoflanyardreleaseopticalconnectionelements;GermanandEnglishversionEN2591-6414:2001
【原文标准名称】:航空航天系列.光电连接件.试验方法.第6414部分:光学元件.脱钩拉索式光学连接件的失配性
【标准号】:EN2591-6414-2001
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2003-05
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:欧洲标准学会(EN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:电气元件;设备;电连接器;电驱动装置;拉力;插销;试验持续时间;电力设备;接触连接;航天运输;航空运输;分离;多语种的;触点;飞行器部件;释放;光学的;电插头;功能可靠性;耐力;紧固件;解开;航空航天运输;试验
【英文主题词】:Aerospacetransport;Airtransport;Aircraftcomponents;Contact;Contactconnection;Electricconnectors;Electricplugs;Electricalcomponents;Electricalinstallations;Electrically-operateddevices;Equipment;Fasteners;Functionalreliability;Latches;Multilingual;Optical;Release;Resistance;Separation;Spacetransport;Tensileforce;Testduration;Testing;Unlocking
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:V25
【国际标准分类号】:49_060
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforConductingLaboratorySoilToxicityTestswiththeNematodeCaenorhabditiselegans
【原文标准名称】:利用线虫(Caenorhabditiselegans)进行实验室土壤毒性试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME2172-2001(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2001
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.02
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Caernorhabditiselegans;Fieldtesting--soil;Nematicides(nematodecontrolagents);Soiltoxicity;Terrestrialsystems
【摘要】:Soiltoxicitytestsprovideinformationconcerningthetoxicityandbioavailabilityofchemicalsassociatedwithsoilstoterrestrialorganisms.Asimportantmembersofthesoilfauna,nematodeshaveanumberofcharacteristicsthatmakethemappropriateorganismsforuseintheassessmentofpotentiallyhazardoussoils.Bacterial-feedingnematodessuchasC.elegansfeedonsoilmicrobesandcontributetothebreakdownoforganicmatter.Theyarealsoofextremeimportanceinthecyclinganddegradationofkeynutrientsinsoilecosystems(9).Soilnematodesalsoserveasasourceofpreyandnutrientsforfaunaandmicroflorasuchassoilnematophagousfungi(10).Amajorchangeintheabundanceofsoilinvertebratessuchasnematodes,eitherasafoodsourceorasorganismsfunctioningproperlyintrophicenergytransferandnutrientcycling,couldhaveseriousadverseecologicaleffectsontheentireterrestrialsystem.Resultsfromsoiltestsmightbeanimportantconsiderationwhenassessingthehazardsofmaterialstoterrestrialorganisms.Thesoiltestmightbeusedtodeterminethetemporalorspatialdistributionofsoiltoxicity.Testmethodscanbeusedtodetecthorizontalandverticalgradientsintoxicity.Resultsofsoiltestscouldbeusedtocomparethesensitivitiesofdifferentspecies.AnunderstandingoftheeffectoftheseparametersontoxicitymaybegainedbyvaryingsoilcharacteristicssuchaspH,claycontent,andorganicmaterial.Resultsofsoiltestsmaybeusefulinhelpingtopredicttheeffectslikelytooccurwithterrestrialorganismsinfieldsituations.Fieldsurveyscanbedesignedtoprovideeitheraqualitativeorquantitativeevaluationofbiologicaleffectswithinasiteoramongsites.Soilsurveysevaluatingbiologicaleffectsareusuallypartofmorecomprehensiveanalysesofbiological,chemical,geological,andhydrographicconditions.Statisticalcorrelationcanbeimprovedandcostsreducedifsubsamplesofsoilforlaboratorytests,geochemicalanalyses,andcommunitystructurearetakensimultaneouslyfromthesamegrabofthesamesite.Soiltoxicitytestscanbeanimportanttoolformakingdecisionsregardingtheextentofremedialactionnecessaryforcontaminatedterrestrialsites.1.1Thisguidecoversproceduresforobtaininglaboratorydatatoevaluatetheadverseeffectsofchemicalsassociatedwithsoiltonematodesfromsoiltoxicitytests.ThisstandardisbasedonamodificationtoGuideE1676.Themethodsaredesignedtoassesslethalorsublethaltoxiceffectsonnematodesinshort-termtestsinterrestrialsystems.Soilstobetestedmaybe(1)referencessoilsorpotentiallytoxicsoilsites;(2)artificial,reference,orsitesoilsspikedwithcompounds;(3)sitesoilsdilutedwithreferencesoils;or(4)siteorreferencesoilsdilutedwithartificialsoil.TestproceduresaredescribedforthespeciesCaenorhabditiselegans(seeAnnexA1).Methodsdescribedinthisguidemayalsobeusefulforconductingsoiltoxicitytestswithotherterrestrialspecies,althoughmodificationsmaybenecessary.1.2SummaryofPreviousStudies8212;Initialsoiltoxicitytestingusingthefree-living,bacterivoroussoilnematodeCaenorhabditiseleganswasdevelopedbyDonkinandDusenbery(1).FollowingthedevelopmentofaneffectivemethodofrecoveryofC.elegansfromtestsoils,theorganismwasusedtoidentifyfactorsthataffectthetoxicityofzinc,cadmium,copper,andlead